ROUTINE PATHOLOGY

This  test  detects  the  presence  of  IgM antibodies  to  S.typhi.  The  conventional Widal  test  detects  antibodies  to  S.typhi from  2nd  week  of  onset  of  symptoms. The  early  rising  antibodies  which  are predominantly  IgM  can  be  detected  by the  Typhi  Dot  test.  This  test  serves  as a  marker  for  recent  infections.

Urea is the end product of protein metabolism. It reflects on the functioning of kidney in the body.

Uric  Acid  is  the  end  product  of  protein metabolism.  High  levels  are  seen  with Gout,  inherited  metabolic  disorders  of purine  metabolism,  excessive  purine dietary  intake  and  increased  cell turnover.  Only  10-15%  patients  with hyperuricemia  have  Gout.

In the presence of elevated calcium, the body attempts to excrete the excess calcium leading to hypercalciuria. Idiopathic hypercalciuria can occur in the absence of hypercalcemia

Urinary  phosphorus  concentration  is useful  to  assess  calcium  and phosphorus  balance.  Thyroid  and kidneys  are  key  organs  whose  function influences urinary excretion. Many medical  conditions  affect  urinary phosphorus  levels

Urinary  potassium  is  useful  to  evaluate serum  electrolyte  imbalances.  Renal causes  of  imbalance  can  be differentiated  from  non-renal  causes

Sodium  is  critical  in  maintaining  water and osmotic equilibrium in extracellular fluids. Body sodium generally reflects input  and  renal  excretion

This  assay  is  useful  for  the  assessment and  management  of  patients  with kidney  stones,  particularly  uric  acid stones.  Urinary  uric  acid  excretion  is elevated in a significant proportion of patients  with  uric  acid  stones,  due  to uric  acid  overproduction  as  in  Leukemia and  Polycythemia  and  after  intake  of food  rich  in  nucleoproteins.